Giving the Gift of Microfinance

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: P2P Lending, Public Relations

Instead of giving yet another gift card, how about making a difference for someone 5,000 miles away?  The biggest online microfinance lender, Kiva, with $12 million loaned to date, offers gift certificates (here) as does Danish microfinance startup, MyC4, that just launched its public beta in September and offers microloan gift certificates (here).

The recipient of the gift certificate logs in and chooses an entrepreneur to assist. For example, the inset is from a listing for a Cambodian village looking to Kiva for $600 to purchase a second cow and a motorbike trailer.

For your kids, it's a great lesson in business, demonstrating how a small amount of capital can make a huge difference in someone's life. And it's a gift that keeps on giving. As the loan is repaid, it can be lent back out to someone else.


Kiva Gift Certificate

MyC4 Gift Certificate

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Online Financial Services Scorecard: October 2007

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Compete, Metrics & Market Research

Update, Dec. 10: The original chart, published Dec. 7, contained a mistake in the home equity application count. The correct number, shown above, is 82,362 instead of the 111,139 in the previous chart. NetBanker and Compete regret the error.

In April, we introduced the Financial Services Monthly Performance scorecard produced by Compete. It summarizes the overall performance of 23 large U.S. financial institutions and lead-generation sites. Refer here for the detailed methodology as well as companies tracked. 

Commentary
Online credit card applications were up as consumers prepared for holiday shopping. In contrast, home loans continued their downward trend.

  • Monthly credit card applications rose 4% in October and conversion was up 5 points, reversing the prior month-over-month trend. 
  • Several key competitors in the home loans refinance and purchase categories saw significant losses among both shoppers and submitted leads/applications bringing total submitted mortgage activity down 11% from September.
  • Home equity saw a 14% decrease in shoppers and a 14% decline in total leads and applications submitted. Both direct lenders and lead aggregators saw declines this past month.
  • In deposits, there were 4% more shoppers across all categories (checking, savings and high-yield savings).  Only checking, however, was able to convert that into more online applications with a 7% increase.

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How Zopa Operates Nationwide Through Just Six Credit Union Partners

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Credit Unions, P2P Lending, Zopa

One of the first questions that arose when Zopa began facilitating loans and deposits for six U.S. credit unions earlier this week was, "What about (CU) field of membership requirements?" (see coverage here). It turns out that four of the six credit unions working with Zopa offer membership to anyone in the United States as long as the prospective member joins one of the supported organizations. And Zopa handles that hurdle during the signup process for its marketplace.

For example, when I purchased a Zopa CD earlier this week, I was given the choice of joining either First Tech Credit Union, which offers membership to anyone in my state (Washington) or Addison Avenue Credit Union, which anyone can join provided they pay $5/yr to join the Financial Fitness Association. And to make the process simpler, Zopa covers the first year of association dues (see screenshot below).

Bank Deals blog dug out the membership requirements of the six Zopa partner credit unions (here). Here are the four that offer membership through one or more organizations: 

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Zopa Launches U.S. Loan Marketplace Monday Night

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Loans & Credit, P2P Lending, Zopa

Just two days after its semi-public beta, Zopa US opened for business late yesterday. The announcement was in the Zopa US blog (here) and emailed to its house list this morning. See Sunday's NetBanker post (here) for our initial impression of the service.

Below is a screenshot from Day 1, forever memorializing Zopa employee Scott, as the first (and so far, only) Zopa borrower. And since all Zopa lenders are required to help at least one borrower, Scott's payments on his $1,000 9.9% loan have been covered for the first year by the company's first 13 CD depositors.

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U.S. Bank Uses Login Splashscreen for Security Warning

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Security & Privacy, US Bank

The best way to get the attention of your online banking customers is by dropping a landing page in front of them right after they login. It’s a bit annoying, but if used judiciously it can be extremely effective. PayPal has been using this technique for most of the eight years I’ve had an account there.

U.S. Bank is fairly new to this technique, using it just a few times a year for service-related messages. The latest, a 100-word message that reads like it was crafted by the legal department, was posted on Nov. 29 and warned customers about fake emails (screenshot below). 

It’s a good idea to remind customers about your email policies to help them avoid scams. However, U.S. Bank only warns against low-tech fakes asking for account info or PINs. Few consumers would fall for that any more. The bank fails to address the more common, and far more effective, approach of sending users to a fake website via a disguised link. The bank should explain what a genuine U.S. Bank email looks like and how to tell it apart from the fakes. 

A few other ways to make this message more effective:

  • Link to an area on website for more info on security
  • Provide an email address and/or phone number to call if there is a question about the validity of a bank message
  • Use a professional copywriter to craft a clearer and more concise message
  • Use a larger font
  • Use a heading or subheading that introduces the specific subject 
  • Add a graphic to make the topic standout, for example the security image from U.S. Bank’s homepage (inset above)

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First Look: Zopa Opens in the United States with Depository Model

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Credit Unions, Deposits, Checking, Savings, CDs, Loans & Credit, P2P Lending, Zopa

Zopa US opened a private beta Saturday morning, emailing selected customers that had previously signed onto its mailing list. Both of our listed email addresses received invites.

We'll look closer at the new service in our upcoming Online Banking Report on P2P lending, but what stands out is the business model: part P2P lender, part deposit-taking financial institutions, part charitable organization, part broker, and part lead-generation site. I'm not positive you can be all of those things at once, but it will be fascinating to see if Zopa and its partner credit unions can pull it off.

How it works
To understand how the Zopa US system works, you must first realize that all loans and all deposits are held at the six partner credit unions (see list below). So in that way, Zopa is a pure lead-generation play.

Zopa "investors" put their money in fixed-rate, 1-year certificates of deposits held by a credit union partner. Borrowers take out 5-year fixed-rate personal loans, again from a credit union partner. This part is pure depository financial institution, with Zopa as a broker. 

Finally, the P2P/social finance aspect comes into play with the requirement that all depositors must choose to "help" at least one borrower by reducing the borrower's loan payment. The depositor has the choice of accepting the highest rate of interest, currently 5.1%, and making a token donation, or sharply reducing the APY on the Zopa CD in order to provide more financial assistance to Zopa borrowers. Depositors select who they want to help from the listed loans. An obvious scenario would be a grandparent investing a substantial sum into low-interest Zopa CDs, so that a child/grandchild could take out a 5-year loan to help with a down payment on a house. But depositors may also help a stranger whose story they find appealing. 

Our preliminary take
Zopa has removed much of the uncertainty from the P2P lending process. But by eliminating the risk, they've also reduced available returns. Marketing Director Wade Lagrone, with whom I spoke Saturday afternoon (as Zopa engineers hammered away on the final tests), believes that U.S. investors overwhelmingly prefer low-risk, fixed-income investments and will prefer this P2P model.

I'm not convinced yet. It seems like a somewhat convoluted path to buy a simple CD. First, you must set your deposit rate, choose one or more borrowers to help, and finally join one of the six credit unions. The website makes the process relatively straightforward, but it's not the same as simply dropping a few grand into an online bank. 

On the other hand, the ability to donate all or part of your deposit's interest-yield could appeal to certain investors, especially the well-heeled looking to help family members obtain below-market-rate loans for defined purposes (home purchase, education, business expansion, etc). And eliminating lender risk removes the huge chore of keeping lenders happy and informed about their book of loans. 

Another potential problem is lack of transparency for borrowers. To obtain a Zopa loan, prospective borrowers fill out a nonbinding "loan quote." Not until after this application is made, and a credit inquiry logged, do borrowers find out if they will receive the lowest rate of 8.75% or the highest of 16.99%. And borrowers have no idea whether they will receive "help" from investors to lower their payment, and effectively reduce the APR of the loan.

Screenshot: Zopa CD setup (1 Dec 2007)
Zopa investors (aka lenders) select the rate of return for their 1-year CD and then choose a borrower to help by offsetting a portion of their Zopa loan payment.

 
Appendix: Credit Union Partners
The six U.S. credit union partners of Zopa US:

  • Addison Avenue Federal Credit Union
  • Affinity Plus Federal Credit Union
  • FirstTech Credit Union
  • FORUM Credit Union
  • Provident Credit Union
  • USA Federal Credit Union

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Congestion at the Starting Gate? Three New U.S. P2P Lenders Set to Launch: Zopa, GlobeFunder, and Loanio

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: GlobeFunder, Loanio, Loans & Credit, P2P Lending, Zopa

Less that two years after the first P2P launched in the U.S., it looks like we'll soon have at least five companies chasing this new market, six if you include Virgin Money.

The most well known is Zopa, the person-to-person lending pioneer which opened in the UK in 2005 and now has nearly 200,000 members. Its long-awaited U.S. launch is scheduled for next week. I'll be speaking with marketing director Wade Lagrone tomorrow, but Jane Kim broke the news in today's Wall Street Journal (here). The market forecast in the article, predicting as much as $9 billion in P2P originations by 2017, is from our upcoming Online Banking Report on P2P lending (note 1). 

Zopa is working with six credit unions, including FORUM Credit Union, to match lenders with borrowers. And unlike other P2P lenders, Zopa's is guaranteeing the lender's principal. That will reduce potential returns, but make participation more like buying a CD from a bank. So, it will be interesting to see how the company differentiates its offering from traditional bank/credit union fare. We'll have more when the site opens to the public next week.

        

We also hear that GlobeFunder and Loanio are about to launch, possibly yet this year. Loanio has not revealed its strategy, but GlobeFunder is positioning itself as a microlender in the same vein as the Nobel prize-winning approach of Grameen Bank. For more info, read the GlobeFunder blog.  

All three will be included in our upcoming Online Banking Report (note 1). We'll also look at Prosper, Lending Club, LoanBack, and Virgin Money (formerly Circle Lending).

Note:

1. Online Banking Report subscribers will have access to the report as soon as it is published on Dec. 8. Nonsubscribers can put their name on the announcement list here and receive a prepublication discount code to save 10%. Please mention "P2P report" in the subject line.

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"Prosper Days" User Conference Videos Repurposed to Educate Customers

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: P2P Lending, Prosper, Public Relations

Prosper is one of the few (only???) national retail financial services companies that holds a users conference. The second annual Prosper Days is scheduled for Feb. 25/26 in San Francisco (more info here) and costs $55 in advance or $75 after Jan. 31. This year, they've added a famous keynoter, Freakonomics co-author Stephen Dubner. I will also be on stage later as part of a panel discussion of bloggers covering the space.

The conference is an excellent idea, creating a buzz around the company and providing a platform for its most loyal customers to share success stories and network. It's a model eBay has used successfully for years. The addition of Dubner should increase press coverage and attendance.  

I'm also impressed at how Prosper reuses the content created for the conference. The sessions are recorded and posted to its website to help educate borrowers and lenders. A total of ten videos are available here (see screenshot below).

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Virgin Money P2P Lending on the Cover of Fortune Small Business

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Loans & Credit, P2P Lending, Small Business, Virgin Money

Jeff Bezos may have grabbed the cover of Newsweek for the latest high-tech gadget, the Amazon Kindle, but that's old hat for him. The bigger news in online banking circles is Richard Branson gracing the cover of the December/January issue of Fortune Small Business (click on the inset to read the magazine online). His smiling mug is shown tossing hundred-dollar bills out of a teller cage. 

The reason: Virgin Money USA (previously Circle Lending) is one of six new products/services the magazine included in its annual "The Next Little Thing for 2008" series. To be part of the article, the innovation must be coming from a "small business," although I'm not sure Virgin qualifies as small anymore.

The 1.5 page story discusses the Business Builder "friends and family" loans that Virgin will administer for a one-time cost of $199 to $299 plus $9 per payment. The company says it plans to offer a business loan product later in 2008 or 2009 that will match outside money to the original friends and family loan, provided it's been paid on time. 

Could 2008 be the year of person-to-person lending? Given Branson's track record, there's a good chance the relatively unknown service will take off next year.   

Note:

1. According to my recollection. 

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Why Are Only 1% of Prepaid Gift Cards Sold by Banks?

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: Online Resources (ORCC), Prepaid/gift cards, Stored Value Cards

One of the biggest changes in the payments landscape during the past decade is the use of prepaid gift cards, especially during the coming holiday period. According to the National Retail Federation, $28 billion changed hands via prepaid gift cards during the holidays last year, almost $300 per U.S. household.

Assuming a $50 average load per card, the $28 billion holiday spending translates into more than 500 million individual cards. At a conservative $2 per card in revenues, that's $1 billion at stake during the holiday period alone.

It seems that banks and credit unions would be ideally suited to cash in on this interest. Yet, a recent Marketing Workshop survey revealed that only 1% of gift card purchases during the past year were at banks. Granted, it's difficult to compete with card sales at the end-retailer, but nearly a third of buyers used other channels, a significant revenue opportunity.

Here's a card-purchase breakdown from the last holiday period, according to the National Federation of Retailers (research conducted by BIGresearch, 10 Jan 2007).

  • 75%—bought at the store where cards will ultimately be used
  • 17%—other brick-and-mortar locations
  • 13%—purchased online, retailer-direct
  • 4%—third-party website

The directories at Visa and MasterCard (see list below) list only 19 financial institutions offering prepaid cards online. An additional 30 financial institutions sell cards thorough Visa's online site here.

Why such low FI sales?
Back to the original question, why aren't banks more heavily invested in gift card sales (see list of sellers below)? Part of the explanation has to do with the general unwillingness to take on the added fraud exposure, especially from online sales. However, financial institutions can mitigate much of that by offering the cards to established customers only.

Another reason is the lack of merchandising expertise. Bank branches and websites are generally not set up to merchandise spur-of-the-moment products. That weakness can be overcome online with tight integration into the online banking area. If banks had a "gift card" tab available in online banking, I believe it would become the primary option for many customers in the market for a gift card.  

Financial institution opportunities
Even though brick-and-mortar sales dominate with an 85% share of transactions, physical  locations by no means have a lock on the business. I recently purchased several store cards at a third-party location (Safeway). While it was convenient and free, I wasn't at all sure that the Safeway clerk actually activated the cards, a significant drawback in the buying experience. 

It's tempting to think banks could recreate the success of other retailers by selling cards in branch. But without the retail POS systems needed by card wholesalers to plug the bank into their card-selling networks, it can be costly to equip bank branches with a card-selling system. Add to that the expense of training tellers, educating customers, and potentially backing up the teller queue on Christmas eve.  

So the better opportunity for most financial institutions is online sales. You already have the traffic; the technology expense can be centralized in one fulfillment location (or outsourced); and it's easier to educate customers online. Online Resources is one established bank-tech vendor with a turnkey, multi-card solution, CardHQ, introduced last year.

Banks and credit unions could become players in this market if they did some or all of the following:

  1. Expand from Visa/MC/AmEx used by 12% of buyers, to store cards, used by 90% of the market (see list of card types below).  
  2. Provide written activation guarantees with each card.
  3. Allow users to check balances online or through text messaging.  
  4. Keep prices competitive. Safeway charged ZERO for the Nordstrom card I purchased there, apparently content with the commissions received from the retailer. Because of the activation guarantee, banks could charge a few dollars per card, especially if the card is packaged in an attractive envelope or box that reinforces the guarantee and the bank's brand (see #5).
  5. Use online banking to promote the cards. 
  6. Offer a variety of packaging alternatives and/or personalization to improve the cards appeal as a gift. Starbucks, the granddaddy of prepaid cards, is offering a $25 package in its stores that includes a personalized $20 card and a gift box. The package is bought in-store, but the personalization is fulfilled online.  

Card types
Here's the list of most common card types purchased (offline and online):

  • 38%—department store 
  • 27%—restaurant
  • 18%—book store 
  • 16%—electronics store
  • 15%—discount store
  • 12%—Visa/MC/AmEx
  • 11%—coffee shop
  • 11%—home improvement 
  • 9%—clothing  
  • 7%—grocery store
  • 6%—gas station
  • 5%—salon/spa
  • 5%—sporting goods
  • 4%—home decor/housewares
  • 3%—craft store
  • 3%—online merchant
  • 2%—office supply
  • 2%—catalog
  • 2%—shoe store
  • 10%—other 

Source: National Federation of Retailers, research conducted by BIGresearch, 10 Jan 2007. 

Companies Offering MasterCard or Visa Gift Cards Online

MasterCard

BankFirst
Western Union Prepaid Card

H&R Block Bank
H&R Block Emerald Prepaid MasterCard

HSBC
HSBC Prepaid MasterCard GiftCard

Keybank
Best Present Holiday Bonus & Incentive Card

MetaBank
AccountNow Vantage Debit MasterCard

NetSpend
All-Access MasterCard Prepaid Card

Washington Mutual
Washington Mutual Prepaid MasterCard Gift Card

Visa

BCU (customers only)
Available to BCU members only
Financial Institution

Comerica (customers only)
Phone: (800) 955-4212
Available to Comerica customers only
Financial Institution

DeluxeCard
Phone: (866) 874-9029
Retailer/Other

Desert Schools FCU (customers only)
Phone: (800) 456-9171
Available to Desert Schools FCU members only
Financial Institution

First National Bank of Omaha
Financial Institution

GiftCards.com
Phone: (877) 944-3822
Retailer/Other

iCARD
Phone: (636) 536-6897
Retailer/Other

IDT Gift2go
Phone: (800) 995-3065
Retailer/Other

M&I Bank
Financial Institution

National City
Phone: 877-990-GIFT (4438)
Financial Institution

Navy Federal Credit Union (customers only)
Available to Navy Federal Credit Union members only 
Financial Institution

PNC Bank (customers only)
Available to PNC Bank customers only
Financial Institution

SunTrust
Phone: (800) 318-0210
Financial Institution

U.S. Bank
Financial Institution

Wells Fargo (customers only)
Financial Institution

West Suburban Bank
Financial Institution

Source: Visa, 3 Nov 2007.


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Bank of America’s Online Banking Base Up 11%

By Jim Bruene Posted on
Categories: BAI Retail Delivery, Bank of America, Metrics & Market Research

The world's largest online banking base (note 1) grew an impressive 11% year-over-year, rising to 22.8 million active users, an increase of 2.2 million from 30 Sep 2006 (note 2). 

Bill payment grew slower, up 7% or 800,000 users, ending the period at 11.6 million active users. Overall bill pay volume is $224 billion annually, or $1,600 per user per month. Bill pay as a percent of online banking fell more than one point to just under 51% (note 3).  

Online Banking     Bill Pay     % of OL using Bill Pay

2007        22.8 mil            11.6 mil              50.8%

2006        20.6 mil            10.8 mil              52.4%

Change    +2.2 mil            +800,000            (1.6%)
                +10.7%               +7.4%

Notes:
1. As far as we know, no bank in the world has more active online users; however, one could argue that PayPal, with 37.5 million active users in the latest quarter, is larger. Interestingly, ING Direct is closing in on BofA on a worldwide basis. With its Sharebuilder acquisition, ING Direct has 20 million accounts worldwide, about 30% in the United States, although not all are active, which BofA defines as being online within the past 90 days.

2. According to Doug Brown, Bank of America's SVP Product Innovation E-Commerce Channel Services, as cited during his BAI Retail Delivery presentation.

3. See Online Banking Report #137, p. 28, for totals back to 2000. 

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