Bank of America Unveils Multi-Factor Security for Consumer Accounts

Obr_bestofwebBank of America wins the race to be the first with a viable plan to secure consumer online banking accounts. In an announcement today, it becomes the first major U.S. bank to endorse multi-factor authentication for consumers at login.*

The system, already in use at Stanford Federal Credit Union, is called SiteKey. The clever approach from Bill Harris’s PassMark Security provides several layers of security to defeat phishing and keylogging attacks. The company calls it two-way two-factor authentication because not only does the end-user authenticate themselves to the bank, the bank authenticates itself to the user to defeat phishing schemes.

Here’s how it works (click on inset below for BofA page):

  1. User provides username
  2. BofA verifies that the login request is coming from the user’s previously registered computer; if NOT, user must successfully answer a challenge question based on previously registered shared secrets
  3. After passing steps 1 and 2, the user is shown their previously selected image, so they know they are logging into the true BofA server
  4. User enters their password

The service launches in mid-June in Tennessee with full roll-out by the end of the year.

Bofa_sitekeyAnalysis
Even though it’s long overdue, we applaud Bank of America for moving the industry forward. While the program won’t be available system-wide until year-end, we’re giving it an Online Banking Report "Best of the Web" now because it’s the biggest development in U.S. online banking for several years.

The BofA/Passmark system is ingenious for several reasons:

  • Unless a user logs in from a new computer, there is little extra work involved; just a two-step login with username, followed by the password
  • Requires no hardware or out-of-channel coordination by the end-user; shouldn’t cause a major increase in customer service expense
  • Defeats phishing by displaying a personal image prior to asking for password
  • Defeats keylogging with the rotating challenge question

If you are at one of the other 15,000 financial institutions in the United States, the clock is now ticking. As your customers find out they are not among the 13+ million consumers (BofA’s current online base) receiving extra protection, they will be demanding the same from you. And if you thought BofA was aggressive in its free bill pay promotion, wait until you see the marketing blitz on this one. Extra authentication simply MUST BE in your 2006 plans.

JB

*For several years, ING Direct has asked for a third bit of info at login, but the necessary info is relatively easy to obtain (for example, zip code). Also, earlier this year, E*Trade launched security tokens for its high-rollers. But BofA is the first with a broad, secure, and non-hardware-based approach.

NBC Nightly News Takes the Banking Industry to Task Yet Again

Nbc_nightly_news During the past year, NBC Nightly News, more than any other national show, has publicized fraud concerns in the online channel. They played a large role in publicizing the $90,000 apparent key-logging loss by a Bank of America small business customer in Florida. They also covered, rather sloppily, last summer’s flawed Gartner study about multi-billion dollar losses in identity theft.

QchexThe most recent story, which appeared on television last night, covered demand draft fraud initiated at Qchex.com among other locations. The NBC Nightly News story appears to have been based primarily on a May 24 article by MSNBC’s Bob Sullivan in his closely watched online column on ecommerce. Sullivan was also the primary source for the Gartner story.

Analysis
When NBC goes on the air pointing fingers at the banking industry’s security practices, you better be ready with a response. Your branches and customer support personnel should be briefed on the subject and be prepared to answer customer concerns. You should also prepare a response in your online service HELP/FAQ area that addresses the issue.

In the future, you might want to pay attention to Bob Sullivan’s columns. If he’s writing about it, and if it’s a new twist on an Internet scam, there’s a good chance the Nightly News will pick it up. Had you been reading his column yesterday morning at 8:15 am, you’d have had a day to prepare damage control.

As far as solving the demand draft problem, that’s something we’ll leave to the regulators. But requiring Internet originators like Qchex.com to verify account ownership before processing a debit, would be a good first start.

JB

Online Banking Account Authentication Tips & Tricks

Although the cyberthieves have made in-roads this year, there are a number of clever low-cost authentication methods being tested. The thing they have in common, simplicity with no new hardware.

Here is a quick recap of the available techniques. Generally, these techniques would be used in addition to a username and password:

To thwart keylogging (but not phishing):

  • virtual keypad (or string of numbers from 1 to 10): user selects numbers from the keypad/list instead of typing (for added security the numbers should be positioned differently each time)

To thwart keylogging AND phishing:

  • picture/graphic selection: instead of a numerical ID, users identify the correct graphical image or picture from a everchanging pool of choices
  • bingo card: user enters the requested coordinates (which change each login) from a preprinted "bingo" card (">refer to previous NB article)
  • one-time PINs: user enters a number from a list of one-time-use PIN numbers previously mailed, emailed, text-messaged to a mobile phone, or voice messaged to any phone
  • shared secrets: the bank and the user establish a serious of shared secrets, one of which must be answered correctly to complete login
  • random partial passwords: similar to the shared secret approach, the bank asks for a different portion of the PIN number at each login

For more information, refer to our previous security NetBanker security articles and Online Banking Report (#93/94).

JB

 

Put an End to “3 Strikes and You’re Out” Password Management

3_strikesPassword management is a pain and only promises to get worse as banks and other ecommerce providers tighten up access controls due to sophisticated fraud attacks.

However there is one area where some banks are still "penny-wise and pound foolish." Specifically, the old-fashioned notion of locking an account after three unsuccessful password attempts.

It’s just too easy for to miss three times. Here’s what just happened to me at Bank One’s credit card site:

1. Correct username, incorrect password
2. Correct username, retype same (incorrect) password in case I made an inadvertent typo the first time (since the password is masked and I can’t see what I typed the first time)
3. Correct username, another shot at the password which turned out to be incorrect (probably because I changed it last time I was locked out)

RESULT: Locked out and in need of an account reset, which luckily you can do online if you have the card number, expiration date, 3-digit code, and primary social security number.

Analysis
The last time we took an in-depth survey, in our April 2003 report on Security & Privacy (OBR 93/94), 4 of the 14 major financial institutions we tested locked users out after just three attempts, while 6 of 14 fell within the recommended range of 5 to 10 attempts.

We recommend that you allow at least five unsuccessful logins, and preferably closer to 10, prior to freezing the account. The amount of fraud deterred between locking out at three attempts vs. locking out at six is so small as to be virtually unmeasurable. However, there is a real cost in customer service and consumer dissatisfaction for constantly requiring password resets.

OK, I feel better now. Thanks for listening.

JB

eBay Personalized Email Marketing

Ebay has been on the forefront of fighting online fraud, introducing Account Guard on its toolbar in Feb. 2004 (see Online Banking Report, #105/106 and #85), as well as a number of safeguards into its service delivery over the years.

Ebay_personalilzed_email_4The auction giant recently elevated the personalization in its emails, incorporating name and eBay username, in an effort to help users recognize genuine messages.

    

View closeup of personalization

JB 

If you’d like to learn more about the future of financial email messaging, check out Email Marketing in Financial Services: Leveraging the Inbox from our sister publication, the Online Banking Report.

“Security Freeze” is the New Buzzword in Bank Marketing

LockSecurity freeze is the latest buzzword in the world of privacy and online security. It was used today in the title of an article in The Wall Street Journal’s Personal Journal section, Freezing Out Identity Theft.

Here’s how it used in the first sentence of the article:

In an effort to combat the rapidly escalating outbreak of identity-theft crimes, a handful of states including California and Texas have passed legislation that allows consumers to put a "security freeze" on their credit history.

Action Item
Use this phrase in your marketing to reassure wary customers. For example,

  • "Once you report any fraud, phishing, or identity theft, we will put a security freeze on your bank accounts against any unauthorized withdrawals."
  • "If someone tries to guess your password, we’ll freeze your account against any more attempts."

And eventually as you develop more advanced security preferences, customers will have the ability to put their own selected security freezes or locks on their accounts. For example, users that always access from one computer, could lock-out any access attempts from other IP addresses (see Quova for tools in this area). Or the customer could lock their account against point-of-sale transactions in other states and countries.

To learn more about how to promote online security and customer peace of mind, check out Marketing Security: The sensitive issue of publicizing security and authorization enhancements from our sister publication, the Online Banking Report.

Security Applications may jump-start Mobile Banking

With the ubiquity of personal computers in the United States, the text messaging market has been slower to develop here than abroad. And since most banking interactions can wait until you are comfortably situated in front of your home/work PC, mobile banking applications have not been a high priority.

However, there is a new application that may jump-start mobile phone banking initiatives. Security.

With public confidence in the security of online banking waning, telephones, especially cell phones equipped with text messaging, offer an excellent option for secure two-factor authentication.

Here’s how it works:
1. Log in to the bank the old-fashioned way with username and password
2. A few seconds later, a four-digit number is text-messaged to your cell phone, or voicemailed to your land-line phone
3. Enter the four digits and start transacting

Text messaging can also be used for alerts, reminders, and other services.

But are U.S. users ready for advanced mobile phone features? It turns out the answer is a resounding YES. Would you believe 100 million U.S. users tapped into advanced features during the past three months. That’s a 58% penetration of all 174 million mobile phone subscribers. And two-thirds of the 58% sent or received text messages (37% of all subscribers) .

This fresh market data is courtesy of M:Metrics, a new Seattle-based telecom researcher who based these estimates from usage data complied across 35,000 U.S. mobile phone subscribers.

Not surprisingly, younger users embraced text-messaging the strongest. The penetration rate was above 50% in both the 18-24 year-old (68%) and 25-34 (52%) groups. The lowest penetration was 14% in the over-65 group.

Here’s more details on the advanced usage and percent penetration across all 174 million mobile phone subscribers:

Used at least one service          100 mil  58%
  Sent or received text message     65 mil  37%
  Used mobile email                      24 mil  14%
  Accessed news/info via browser   22 mil  13%
  Downloaded ringtone                 22 mil  13%
  Received text-message alert        15 mil  8%
  Used instant messaging                15 mil  8%
  Sent photo message                     12 mil  7%
  Downloaded display graphic          11 mil  6%
  Downloaded mobile game              6 mil  3%

Source: M:Metrics, March 2005, n=35,381 for quarter ending 31 Jan 2005

Read the full release.

JB

More Online Fraud Statistics from Gartner

Fruad_solutions_grid_from_gartnerFraud-fighting vendors, Quova and Cyota hosted a webinar today featuring Avivah Litan, from Gartner.

A couple interesting Gartner stats that you can use in trying to gain additional resources to boost your authentication procedures:

  • Within 3 years (YE 2007), 60% to 75% of U.S. banks will use more than username/password at login. That’s up from zero today.
  • In the year prior to Gartner’s April 2004 consumer research, a projected 1.8 million consumers gave up their account info to phishers; this group was three times more likely to have been victimized by online fraud.

You should be able to view an archived version of the webinar at Quova within the next day or two.

JB

More on E*Trade’s Two-Factor Authentication Launch

Etrade_two_factor

Today’s American Banker (subscription required) reported that E*Trade will give security tokens to its high-roller customers, those that trade more than 5 times per month or who have more than $50,000 in their accounts.

As we reported in January, E*Trade has been testing the service with several hundred customers.

The quote of the day is from famed Gartner analyst, Avivah Litan:

However, banks face little risk from trying the technology, which has significant potential, she said. "If they get low adoption, they’re not spending very much money. If they get high adoption, they sell a lot more services. I could see people switching to E-Trade if they offer this type of security."

Analysis
The days of simple username and password access are numbered. Don’t be the last one on your block to install a security system, that’s a sure way to become the target of cybercriminals, and even worse, scathing press reports when customers are victimized.

JB

Phishing Vaccine for Email in UK

Uk_safe_word_click_to_enlargeIn the United Kingdom, the government has launched an initiative to inform its citizens of phishing and other fraud dangers. One of its key services is an email and/or text message service that informs users when new fraud threats are identified.

To fight the problem of having their own emails spoofed, they require users to select a "safe word" that will be used in the subject line of all emails.

Analysis
Not only is this an effective way to fight phishing, it helps personalize your messages, improving their chances of being read.

JB

Identity Theft Statistics from Javelin Research

Building on last year's FTC study, Javelin Strategy & Research and the Better Business Bureau, released the latest study of financial fraud and identity theft in the United States. A similar level of fraud was found in the late-2004 polling compared to the FTC survey fielded in mid-2003.

How_personal_information_stolen_click_toBoth studies found that just under 5% of U.S. adults, around 10 million, had been victimized in the prior 12 months, with total losses, primarily to financial institutions, of about $50 billion.

One of the major conclusions is that consumers are more likely to be victimized through offline methods compared to online methods, leading Javelin to conclude in their press release:

Internet-related fraud problems are actually less severe, less costly and not as widespread as previously thought.

However, this conclusion that is disputed in Bob Sullivan's MSNBC article by both Gartner's Avivah Litan and FTC attorney, Lois Greisman.

Here are the key findings:

How was your personal information obtained (i.e. stolen)?
     6%  via online methods
     36% via offline methods
     58% don't know

There are two ways to look at those numbers.

The Javelin take: Of those that know how it happened, offline identity theft outnumbers online identity theft 6-to-1, so let's not overstate the online threat.

The Gartner take: In consumer research, much of the online fraud will be self-reported in the "do not know" category, so the data is inconclusive. Avivah Litan says in the MSNBC article:

The general population doesn't really know how the information is stolen especially, with credit card fraud. If you do have a good guess, it usually is because you are in a fight with family member or neighbor. The study is biased towards people who know how it happened.

Our Take
Anytime you have a survey where the majority of participants select, "don't know," it is difficult to draw precise conclusions.

We think these results are promising for the fraud-fighting potential of the online channel, but they don't vindicate it either.

If you assume that the same 6-to-1 offline/online ratio applies to the "don't know" category, that means about 10% of last year's identity theft occurred via online methods, or 1 million cases costing $5 billion dollars.

Regardless of what the analysts say, that's a problem that needs fixing.

JB

Resources:

 

PayPal offers “eCommerce Safety Guide”

Paypal_ecommerce_guide_click_to_enlarge_1 PayPal’s state-of-the-art Security Center has a new educational piece, the 20-page eCommerce Safety Guide (download 1MB file).

The handbook covers three areas:
– safe online shopping
– preventing identity theft
– phishing and spoofing

Naturally, it concludes with a section promoting PayPal and eBay as safe methods of buying online.

The booklet, authored by Robert Chesnut, eBay VP of Trust and Safety, uses Gartner and Javelin Strategy for its identity theft data.

Analysis
Financial institutions looking to increase their educational efforts should consider posting a similar booklet, explaining the protection afforded by bank products. Total readership may not be high, but it demonstrates a commitment to the customer in an area of high anxiety these days. It would be an excellent summer intern project.

To learn more about how to promote online security and peace of mind to your customers, check out Marketing Security: The sensitive issue of publicizing security and authorization enhancements from our sister publication, the Online Banking Report.